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Article History

Received: 6 May 2021

Accepted: 12 September 2021

First Online: 1 October 2021

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices of the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, and the ethical principles in the Declaration of Helsinki. All database records were fully compliant with US patient confidentiality requirements, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. As this study is a retrospective analysis of deidentified claims data in compliance with US patient confidentiality requirements and did not involve the collection, use, or transmittal of individually identifiable data, institutional review board approval was not required to conduct this study. Informed consent to participate was not applicable.

: Not applicable

: A. Ogdie has received consulting fees from Amgen, AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Corrona, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB and has received grant support from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Rheumatology Research Foundation, National Psoriasis Foundation, Pfizer (University of Pennsylvania), Amgen (FORWARD Data Bank), and Novartis (FORWARD Data Bank). M. Rozycki and T. Arndt were employees of HVH Precision Analytics at the time of this analysis. C. Shi is an employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. N. Kim was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas at Austin and Baylor Scott and White Health, providing services to Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, at the time of this analysis. P. Hur was an employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation at the time of this analysis.