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Article History

Received: 15 December 2024

Accepted: 21 February 2025

First Online: 7 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kyoto University (approval number: R0357). This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: Not applicable.

: The Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases is supported by Nagahama City, Shiga, Japan; Toyooka City, Hyogo, Japan; and two pharmaceutical companies (AYUMI Pharmaceutical Co., and Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp.). The above-mentioned pharmaceutical companies were not involved in the study design, manuscript writing, or manuscript submission and will not be involved in data collection and analysis. AO received research grants and/or speaker fees from Pfizer Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb., Advantest, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K. K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., UCB Japan Co., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Eisai Co. Ltd., Abbvie Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. MT received speaker fees from AbbVie GK, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp., Astellas Pharma Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma Corp., Teijin Pharma, Ltd., UCB Japan Co., Ltd. TF received speaker fees from AbbVie GK, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. KMurata received a speaking fee from Eisai Co. Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. KMurakami received speaker fees from Eisai Co. Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, UCB Japan Co. Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., and Astellas Pharma Inc. MH received research grants and/or speaker fees from Abbvie, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Ayumi, Bristol Meyers, Chugai, EA Pharma, Eisai, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Nihon Shinyaku, Novartis Pharma, and Tanabe Mitsubishi. RW has received speaker bureau from Asahi-Kasei, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, and GSK and research grants from AbbVie. Y.N. has received research grants from AbbVie Japan GK, Eisai Co., and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp. and speaker fees from AbbVie Japan GK, Astellas Pharma, Asahi Kasei, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Eisai Co., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Daiichi-Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., Novartis Japan, Takeda, Ono, Otsuka Co., Pfizer, Janssen, and UCB Japan. HY has received speaker fees from AbbVie, Asahi Kasei Pharma, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, Eisai, Gilead Sciences, Ono, Pfizer and Taiho Pharmaceutical. KE is affiliated with the Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, which is supported by Asahi-Kasei. KE has received research grants from Asahi-Kasei and Teijin Pharma. KE has received a speaker fee from AbbVie, Amgen, Argenx, Asahi-Kasei, Astellas, Ayumi, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Sanofi, Taisho, Teijin Pharma, and UCB Japan. YS has received speaking fees from Pfizer Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.,Eisai Co., Ltd., and AbbVie G.K. KH received speaker fees from Abbvie, Asahi-Kasei, Astellas, Chugai, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, and Mitsubishi-Tanabe. SM received speaker fees from Taisho, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Asahi-Kasei, Ayumi, and Mitsubishi-Tanabe.AM received honoraria from AbbVie G.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Eisai Co. Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Astellas Pharma Inc., and Gilead Sciences Japan and has received research grants from AbbVie G.K., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., and Eisai Co. Ltd. The remaining authors have no competing interests to be reported.