Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 May 2025

Accepted: 11 July 2025

First Online: 23 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Each site obtained local ethics approval to participate in the APLC research activities. Storage of the central dataset and analyses of the pooled data have been approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (MUHREC Project ID 18778). All patients enrolled in the APLC have provided informed consent use their data for APLC research activities.

: Not applicable.

: Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake– has received grants from BMS, GSK, Janssen and NovartisWorawit Louthrenoo - NoneCS Lau - NoneLaniyati Hamijoyo - NoneJiacai Cho - NoneAisha Lateef - NoneShue Fen Luo - NoneYeong-Jian Wu - NoneSandra Navarra - has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim and Idorsia, and payment for lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK and Roche.Leonid Zamora - NoneZhanguo Li - has received consulting fees and royalties from Abbott, AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB PharmaYi-Hsing Chen - NoneShereen Oon - NoneMadelynn Chan - NoneSargunan Sockalingam - NoneYanjie Hao - NoneZhuoli Zhang - NoneSang-Cheol Bae - supported in part by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2021R1A6A1A03038899)Jun Kikuchi - NoneYuko Kaneko - NoneTsutomu Takeuchi - NoneYasuhiro Katsumata - has received payment/honoraria from Asahi Kasei Pharma, AstraZeneca K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, GSK K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Pfizer Japan Inc. and Sanofi K.K. ZZ has received payment/honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca K.K., Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Janssen, UCB Pharma, and has participated in advisory boards for Beigene Ltd.Duminda Basnayake - NoneFiona Goldblatt - was a Director on the Board of the Australian Rheumatology Association at the time of the study.Sean O’Neill - NoneKristine (Pek Ling) Ng - NoneNicola Tugnet - NoneMark Sapsford - NoneYih Jia Poh - NoneCherica Tee - NoneMichael Tee - NoneNaoaki Ohkubo - NoneAdrianne O’Donnell Lefeber– is an employee of NovartisTamas Shisha - is an employee of NovartisYoshiya Tanaka - has received speaking fees and/or honoraria from Chugai, UCB, Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Eli-Lilly, Behringer-Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Eisai, IQVIA, Daiichi-Sankyo, Otsuka, Taisho, Gilead, Bristol-Mayers.Vera Golder - NoneMandana Nikpour - has received an Investigator Grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC GNT1176538), research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim and Janssen, consulting fees from AstraZeneca and GSK; honoraria for presentations from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and GSK, and support for conference attendance from Boehringer Ingelheim.Alberta Hoi - has received a research grant from AstraZeneca, consulting fees from EUSA Pharma (UK), GSK and UCB Australia, and speaker fees/honoraria from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Limbic, Moose Republic and Novartis.Peter Gergely– is an employ of NovartisEric Morand - has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, and EMD Serono.