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Authors
Li, Shaowei
Zhao, Qianying
Cai, Xiao
He, Xiaohong
Li, Shuxin
Chen, Zhihuang
Wei, Song
Mao, Wei
Chen, Xueyin
Yu, Yan
Wu, Tongtong
Song, Linjie
Wu, Manli
Zhang, Jingbei
Guo, Xinfeng
Yang, Lihong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau–Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Joint Project (2024A03J0718)
Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau–Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Joint Project (2024A03J0718)
National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine’s High-Level Construction of Key TCM Disciplines, Clinical Integration of TCM and Western Medicine (Rheumatology and Immunology) Project (Zyyzdxk-2023162)
National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine’s High-Level Construction of Key TCM Disciplines, Clinical Integration of TCM and Western Medicine (Rheumatology and Immunology) Project (Zyyzdxk-2023162)
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023KT15525)
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023KT15525)
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Article History
Received: 7 June 2025
Accepted: 15 January 2026
First Online: 26 January 2026
Declarations
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: NHANES protocols were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent. FinnGen received approval from the Coordinating Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland. GWAS summary statistics for gout and serum urate were obtained from the GWAS Catalog ( ), which hosts published GWAS that had received approval from the relevant institutional review boards and obtained informed consent from participants. All data are fully de-identified and publicly available, and therefore no additional ethical approval was required for the present analyses.
: No applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
