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Authors
Torii, Mie
Onishi, Akira
Uozumi, Ryuji
Hidaka, Yu
Onizawa, Hideo
Fujii, Takayuki
Murata, Koichi
Murakami, Kosaku
Tanaka, Masao
Oshima, Yohei
Tanaka, Hiroki
Urai, Yuki
Tanigawa, Kyosuke
Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki
Tsuji, Hideaki
Shirakashi, Mirei
Hiwa, Ryosuke
Nakashima, Ran
Nin, Kazuko
Kinoshita, Ayae
Matsuda, Shuichi
Morinobu, Akio
Arai, Hidenori
Hashimoto, Motomu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP 20ek0410069h0001)
Research Funding for Longevity Sciences from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan (21-19)
Research Funding for Longevity Sciences from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan (21-19)
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 15 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Kyoto University Ethics Committee (approval number: C1545-1) and registered with UMINCTR (trial number: UMIN000044930)10. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.
: Not applicable.
: The Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases is supported by Nagahama City, Shiga, Japan; Toyooka City, Hyogo, Japan; and two pharmaceutical companies (AYUMI Pharmaceutical Co., and Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp.). The above-mentioned pharmaceutical companies were not involved in the study design, manuscript writing, or manuscript submission and will not be involved in data collection and analysis.AO received research grants and/or speaker fees from Pfizer Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb., Advantest, Taisho pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K. K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., UCB Japan Co. Ltd, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co. Ltd, Eisai Co. Ltd., Abbvie Inc., and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. RU has received personal fees from Eisai, Sawai Pharmaceutical, SBI Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, Statcom, and EPS Corporation, and lecture fees from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Nippon Kayaku, and SAS Institute Japan outside this work. HO has received speaker fee from Abbvie Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Eisai Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co. Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd, and Taisho pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd.TF has received research grants and/or speaker fees from Kakenhi 24K11614, Abbvie Inc., Abbvie Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd, Eisai Co. Ltd, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co.Ltd. KM has received consulting and/or speaker fee from Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Abbvie Inc., Eisai Co. Ltd, Pfizer Inc., Eli Lilly Japan K. K., Astellas Pharma Inc, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co.Ltd, MT received research grants and/or speaker fees from Abbvie GK., Astellas Pharma Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Eisai Co. Ltd., Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Taisho pharmaceutical Holdings Co. Ltd, Teijin Pharma, Ltd. and UCB Japan Co. Ltd. RH received research grants and/or speaker fee from Eli Lilly Japan K.K, Abbvie GK., GSK plc., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Kissei, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pfizer Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co. Eisai Co. Ltd., and UCB Japan Co., Ltd. SM received speaker fee from Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Taisho pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., AYUMI Pharmaceutical Co., Eisai Co, and Pfizer Inc., AM received research grants and/or speaker fee from Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Astellas Pharma Inc, Abbvie GK., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pfizer Inc., Eisai Co. Ltd., HA received research grants and/or speaker fee from Tsumura & Co. MH received research grants and/or speaker fee from Abbvie, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Brystol Meyers, Chugai, EA Pharma, Eisai, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Novartis Pharma, Taisho Toyama, Tanabe Mitsubishi, UCB Japan. M Torii, YH, K Murakami, YO, H Tanaka, YU, KT, HY, H Tsuji, MS, RN, KN, and AK have no competing interests to be reported.
