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Authors
Ma, Bingxin
Ma, Junwei
Dong, Xinyi
Kan, Yan
Kang, Juan
Lv, Jie
Sun, Jianyu
Wu, Rui
Zhao, Yue
Lu, Qi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72274134)
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 17 January 2026
First Online: 26 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Tianjin Medical University Ethics Committee (TMUhMEC2022025) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement in the survey. The confidentiality of participants’ personal information was strictly maintained throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
