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Article History

Received: 23 May 2025

Accepted: 25 March 2026

First Online: 11 April 2026

Declarations

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: All studies included in this pooled analysis were approved by central institutional review boards and the ethics review boards at each participating center. Each study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants before study-related procedures were performed.

: S.R. has received research grants from AbbVie, Galapagos/Alfasigma, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma and consulting fees from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Galapagos/Alfasigma, Janssen, Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, and Sanofi. C.G. is an employee of Novartis Pharma AG. U.K. has received grant and research support and consultancy fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Biocad, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Fresenius, Gilead, Grünenthal, GSK, Hexal, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Onkowissen.de, Pfizer, Roche, UCB Pharma, and Viatris. L.S.G. has received consulting fees from Acelyrin, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma and research support from UCB Pharma. C.P. is an employee of Novartis Healthcare Private Limited. J.B. declares no competing interests. A.O. has received consulting fees from Amgen, AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, CorEvitas, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, Happify Health, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma and has received grant support from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Rheumatology Research Foundation, National Psoriasis Foundation, Amgen, Pfizer, and Novartis.