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Authors
Yang, Haoyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6065
Tan, Guihua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-5522
Wang, Xunhao https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4866-4697
Xu, Nuo https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6428-8068
Gong, Wenli https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8035-2650
Jiang, Ruiyang https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9370-2649
Jin, Xiaoyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-3611
Qiao, Chenfeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-7670
Zhang, Zhaofeng https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4327-1356
Zhao, Gang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1308-4915
Shi, Dongquan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7153-9327
Mi, Jingyi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6282-7825
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
‘Wuxi Taihu Talent Plan’ High-level Talents in Medical and Health
Major scientific research project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission (Z202108)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All animal procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University (Protocol Number: KS2024024). The collection and experimental use of human cartilage specimens were approved by the Ethical Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University (approval no. 2020-156-01), and conducted in accordance with the institutional guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: Dongquan Shi, Guihua Tan, Haoyu Yang, Xunhao Wang, and Nuo Xu are named as inventors on a pending patent application (Application No. 202410809037.2), which is assigned to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and is related to the technology described in this manuscript. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
