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Article History

Received: 20 February 2026

Accepted: 22 July 2026

First Online: 8 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the local ethics commission and by the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte) and was conducted at the University Hospital of Erlangen in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to study enrollment.

Consent for publication: All patients gave written consent before entering the trial.

Competing interests: DS has served on scientific advisory boards for AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Novartis, UCB; received speaker honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Alfasigma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Novartis, UCB. AK scientific advisory boards UCB, Lilly, Novartis, Alfasigma and speaker honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Alfasigma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Novartis, UCB. FWR is CMO, Director or Research and shareholder of Boston Imaging Core lab (BICL), LLC., a company providing image assessment services for academia and the pharmaceutical industry. JR has served on scientific advisory boards for Novartis, Sobi and speaker honoraria from Novartis, Sobi, BMS. FF received speaking honoraria, travel reimbursement, and research support from Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Novartis, AstraZeneca, UCB, Novartis.