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Article History

Received: 20 June 2019

Accepted: 31 August 2019

First Online: 3 October 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval was obtained by the coordinating center (Ethical Committee “Regione Calabria Area Centro”, Approval No. 179, 21st June 2018).

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Navalesi’s research laboratory has received equipment and grants from Maquet Critical Care, Draeger and Intersurgical S.p.A. He also received honoraria/speaking fees from Maquet Critical Care, Orionpharma, Philips, Resmed, MSD and Novartis. Dr. Navalesi contributed to the development of the helmet Next, whose licence for patent belongs to Intersurgical S.P.A., and receives royalties for that invention. Dr. Longhini and Dr. Navalesi contributed to the development of a new device not discussed in the present study whose patent is in progress (European Patent Application Number EP20170199831). The remaining authors declared that they no competing interests.