Funding for this research was provided by:
Novartis
Novartis
Article History
Received: 1 July 2019
Accepted: 22 October 2019
First Online: 1 November 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: The study was conducted in accordance with Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects (The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan). A central ethics committee of the Clinical Research Promotion Network reviewed and approved the study protocol, since no personally identifiable data was included in the database extraction for the study.
: Not applicable.
: Yohei Morita is employee of Novartis Pharma K.K. Masato Odawara has served as an advisory board member for Novartis; has received research grants with contracts from Novo Nordisk and Astellas; has received unrestricted research grants from Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Ono, Novartis, Astellas, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, AstraZeneca, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Kowa, Takeda, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Eli Lilly, Nippon Boehringer, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Sumitomo Dainippon, and Taisho Toyama; and has received lecture fees from Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Ono, Novartis, Astellas, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, AstraZeneca, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Kowa, Takeda, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Eli Lilly, Nippon Boehringer, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Sumitomo Dainippon, and Taisho Toyama. Melissa Bauer and Hiroki Murayama were employees of Novartis Global Service Center and Novartis Pharma K.K, respectively during the conduct of this study.