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Authors
Chen, Wen
Chen, Debin
Zhuang, Yizhou
Xu, Liying
Wang, Yaojie
Chen, Youlan
Li, Yining
Zhao, Jianhui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fuzhou Science and Technology Talent Development Program (No. 2024-R-009)
Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R.C (20220301)
Key Laboratory of Integrated Care for Geriatric Chronic Diseases (Kunming Medical University, School of Nursing), Yunnan Provincial Education Department (2024HTHLYB01)
Key Laboratory of Integrated Care for Geriatric Chronic Diseases (2024HTHLYB05)
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2025
First Online: 14 June 2025
Declarations
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: The NHANES protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, and all NHANES participants had signed informed consent. Therefore, access to NHANES database does not require any ethical or administrative permission. More information is available at the website ( accessed on 31 December 2024).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
