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Authors
Nie, Zetong
Xing, Wenjia
Zhang, Xiang
Li, Xiaorong
Li, Wenbo https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9948-0288
Hu, Bojie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7840-8290
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Binhai New Area Health Commission Project (2023BWKZ006)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-037A)
The Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education (2022ZD058)
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Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 16 July 2025
Declarations
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: The National Center for Health Statistics and Ethics Review Board approved the protocol for NHANES, and all participants provided written informed consent. The study followed the ethical guidelines set out in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee and Institutional Review Board of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital under the ethical approval number 2022KY-27, and informed consent was obtained from all patients.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
