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Authors
Ma, Nuo
Alifu, Jiasuer.
Meng, Guilin
Ma, Jiangping
Wang, Haichao
Meng, Xiulin
Liu, Xueyuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Health Commission (20234Y001)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82401658 and 82071206)
Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk06102)
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 6 August 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study used publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). All data are de-identified and released by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and therefore ethical approval and informed consent were not required for this secondary analysis.
: Not applicable. The data used in this study were publicly available and fully de-identified. No individual consent for publication is required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
