Pan, Yilin
Du, Beibei
Feng, Long
Bi, Jingru
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China,China (No. 82470327, 82100337)
Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The CHARLS study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the survey.
: The authors declare no competing interests.