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Authors
Lin, Ming-Hsun
Ye, Ren-Hua
Jhou, Hong-Jie
Chen, Hsin-Yu
Kao, Li-Ting
Hsieh, Tina Yi-Jin
Chen, Yu-Han
Yue-En Sun, Andrea
Zhang, Xiaoyi
Dai, Ming-Shen
Ho, Ching-Liang
Chen, Po-Huang
Lee, Cho-Hao
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGHIRB No.: E202516013). As the data used were de-identified and released for research purposes, informed consent from the participants was waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: AI-assisted technology (ChatGPT by OpenAI) was used solely to refine language and formatting. The overall structure, content, and scientific interpretation were entirely determined by the authors.
