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Authors
Ying, Qianliang
He, Fan
Wu, Lunzhe
Wei, Qucheng
Xu, Jian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
General Research Program of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Health (2025KY483, 2025KY483, 2025KY483, 2025KY483, 2025KY483)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2025C02144, 2025C02144, 2025C02144, 2025C02144, 2025C02144)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 7 September 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: The primary NHANES protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Institutional Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent. This study, a secondary analysis of publicly available, de-identified data, was exempt from further institutional review.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
