Liu, Yingxin
Li, Zemin
Wang, Ruoting
Zhang, Jingyi
Gerstein, Hertzel
Zhao, Ai
Zhang, Changfa
Lip, Gregory Y. H.
Van Spall, Harriette G. C.
Li, Guowei
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82473612)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (2025A1515010779)
Science Foundation of Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (YY2018-002)
Young Top Talent Project in Special Support Plan for Training High-level Talents in Guangdong (0720240244)
Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The UK Biobank study was approved by the North West Multicenter Research Ethics Committee. All participants provided written consent before enrolment.
: GYHL served as a consultant for Novartis, Bayer/Janssen, Biotronik, BMS/Pfizer, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, Verseon, and Daiichi-Sankyo and as a speaker for Medtronic, Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo. No fees have been received directly or personally. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.