Li, Dandan
Guo, Yan
Cui, Fanfan
Cheng, Yajing
Yan, Shufang
Yu, Tong
Li, Xuejiao
Liu, Zhanju
Jiang, Hongwei
Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The NCHS Research Ethics Review Committee reviewed and approved the NHANES study protocol. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University in CHARLS. The patients/participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.