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Authors
Yu, Lin
Chen, Haizhu
Zhang, Jiwen
Han, Wei
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 13 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study utilized data from the publicly available MIMIC database, which is fully anonymized and does not involve direct human participants. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required.
: Not applicable. The study is based on secondary data from the MIMIC database, which is anonymized and publicly available. Individual consent to publish is not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
