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Authors
Liu, Ruikang
Yang, Guangyi
Liu, Yiying
Li, Jun
Xu, Botan
Ye, Guancheng
Huang, Xuanchun
Tao, Shiyi
Xue, Tiantian
Li, Yonghao
Zhang, Fuyuan
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. The CHARLS study protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
