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Authors
Zhan, Yiming
Ripley-Gonzalez, Jeffrey William
Liu, Yuhang
Gao, Yang
Tang, Jialing
Gao, Siyao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The work was supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (No. 24CTY030). (No. 24CTY030)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: The research ethics review boards of the National Center for Health Statistics authorized the NHANES study protocols and all participants provided written informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
