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Authors
Li, Qiqiang
Gong, Li
Li, Hongxin
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 2 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS was conducted following the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
