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Longitudinal changes in frailty, insulin resistance and incident cardiovascular-kidney- metabolic syndrome progression in middle-aged and older adults: evidence from CHARLS

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-02030-x

Published Online: 2025-12-27

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Huang, Qi

Luo, Xian

Yang, Tao

Qing, XiaoMan

Zhang, XinMei

Xiu, MingZhu

Liu, Zheng

Li, Hao

Liu, Sha

Xiao, Wanmeng

Lü, Muhan

Su, Song
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-27

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-28
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Article History

Received: 25 July 2025

Accepted: 13 November 2025

First Online: 27 December 2025

Declarations

:

: CHARLS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015 for the household survey and IRB00001052-11014 for blood samples), and all participants provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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