Aziz, Osama
Hwang, Bing-Fang
Hsieh, Ai-Ru
Jung, Chau-Ren
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 110-2314-B-039-005-MY2)
China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU111-MF-109)
Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Change Date: 16 September 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: The Formula in the paragraph Statistical analysis has been updated in the article PDF.
Change Date: 4 August 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-026-02263-4
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Participants in the Taiwan Biobank provided informed consent after a through explanation of the study to ensure ethical compliance. This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of the China Medical University (approval number: CRREC-108-006 (CR5)) and adhered to the principals outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.