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Authors
Pan, Yilin
Bi, Jingru
Feng, Long
Qu, Junru
Wang, Zhiqiang
Du, Beibei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82470327, 82100337)
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the survey.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
