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Authors
Chen, Xiang-Yu
Zhang, Yang
Wang, Xiang-Xin
Hao, Li-Ying
Xue, Mei
Xiao, Wen-Hua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qinhuangdao S&T Plan Program (202401A089)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82300928)
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study is a retrospective observational study. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital Qinhuangdao Hospital (Approval No. A004; Approval Date: June 19, 2024). The committee confirmed that informed consent was not required due to the retrospective and anonymized nature of the data.
: The authors affirm that all human research participants provided informed consent for publication of their anonymized data and any associated images or figures included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
