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Authors
Zhou, Zhongxing
Shen, Ruming
Ke, Jiaxing
Chen, Shuaijie
Chen, Longqing
Zhang, Hailin
Lin, Xiaoyan
Lin, Jinxiu
Chai, Dajun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Fujian Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission (2021ZQNZD005)
The Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology of Fujian Province (2023Y9107)
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Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 14 May 2026
Declarations
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: The NHANES program received approval from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board, and informed consent was acquired from all participants. Given the deidentified and anonymous characteristics of the NHANES data, no further ethical approval or informed consent was necessary for conducting secondary analyses.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
