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Continuous glucose monitoring metrics based clustering in people living with type 1 diabetes identifies phenotypes associated with higher inflammation, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease risk, and lower insulin sensitivity

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-026-02191-3

Published Online: 2026-05-25

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Fedulovs, Aleksejs

Paramonova, Natalia

Pahirko, Leonora

Riekstina, Una

Jekabsons, Kaspars

Sokolovska, Jelizaveta
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Latvijas Universitate (Lzp-2020/1-0138)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-25

Version of Record valid from 2026-07-17
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Article History

Received: 23 March 2026

Accepted: 17 May 2026

First Online: 25 May 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The overall LatDiane study protocol and the sub-study described in this report received approval from the Latvian Central Ethics Committee (Riga, Latvia) under permission No. 01-29.1/3, dated 10 July 2013; No. A-17/19-10-17, dated 17 October 2019; and No. 01-29.1.2/3274, dated 23 April 2021. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion in the study.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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