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Authors
Ojeda, Amanda
Deblais, Loïc
Mummed, Bahar
Brhane, Mussie
Hassen, Kedir A.
Ahmedo, Belisa Usmael
Weldesenbet, Yenenesh Demisie
Chen, Dehao
Li, Xiaolong
Saleem, Cyrus
Manary, Mark J.
Roesch, Luiz F. W.
McKune, Sarah L.
Havelaar, Arie H.
Rajashekara, Gireesh
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Seran, Abadir Jemal
Ibrahim, Abdulmuen Mohammed
Hassen, Bahar Mummed
Yusuf, Efrah Ali
Yimer, Getnet
Ahmed, Ibsa A.
Usmane, Ibsa Aliyi
Amin, Jafer Kedir
Hassen, Jemal Y.
Umer, Kunuza Adem
Mechlowitz, Karah
Roba, Kedir Teji
Bhrane, Mussie
Dawid, Mawardi M.
Usmail, Mahammad Mahammad
French, Nigel P.
Shaikh, Nur
Singh, Nitya
Gebreyes, Wondwossen A.
Yang, Yang
Mekuria, Zelalem Hailu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP#1175487)
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP#1175487)
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP#1175487)
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP#1175487)
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2024
Accepted: 20 June 2025
First Online: 5 July 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Florida Internal Review Board (IRB201903141); the Haramaya University Institutional Health Research Ethics Committee (COHMS/1010/3796/20), and the Ethiopia National Research Ethics Review Committee (SM/14.1/1059/20). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating households (husband and wife) using a form in the local language (Afan Oromo).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
