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Article History

Received: 3 July 2025

Accepted: 26 August 2025

First Online: 8 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study re-analyzed publicly available, de-identified 16 S rRNA sequencing datasets (accession numbers SRP062005, PRJNA534511, SRP133809, etc.) with associated clinical diagnosis. All original studies had institutional ethics approval and obtained informed consent from participants; no new human or animal experiments were performed.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.