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Authors
Chung, Chiwook https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-6095
Lee, Kyu Na
Han, Kyungdo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-0643
Shin, Dong Wook https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-8920
Lee, Sei Won https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-6730
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-NR077159)
National Institute of Health research project (2024ER080601)
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (approval No. 2022 − 1593). The requirement for informed consent was waived because this was a retrospective study, and the data used were anonymized. This study complied with the guidelines stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
