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Authors
Huang, Ting-Chieh
Kou, Tony
Kuo, Chia-Jung
Chiu, Cheng-Hsun
Chen, Tai-Di
Chen, Chien-Ming
Chou, Jen-Wei
Huang, Tien-Yu
Chang, Chen-Wang
Chiu, Cheng-Tang
Su, Ming-Yao
Pan, Yu-Bin
Le, Puo-Hsien
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 21 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Chang Gung Medical Foundation (approval No. 202400030B0C101), which pertains to the “Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.” The Institutional Review Board waived informed consent from individual patients to review medical records from the electronic medical record system, in retrospective studies. The study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki, as reflected in a prior approval by the institution’s human research committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
