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Article History

Received: 13 January 2026

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 25 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study used previously isolated bacterial strains collected through the routine foodborne disease surveillance system. The research involved only downstream microbiological and genomic analysis of recovered isolates. As there was no direct recruitment of human participants, no collection of original clinical specimens, and no access to patient-identifiable information, the study was determined to be exempt from formal ethical review. All procedures were performed in accordance with the institutional and national ethical standards for public health surveillance data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.