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Authors
Pan, Pengyu
Li, Fangbin
Han, Bo
Yuan, Bo
Liu, Tianbiao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Social Science Fund youth project, "Research on the optimization of resource allocation of youth football development in China" (18CTY011)
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2023
Accepted: 13 October 2023
First Online: 28 October 2023
Declarations
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: The study involves Chinese Super Soccer League (CSL) matches to quantify the difference in substitutes’ performance versus completed or replaced player for which authors have mentioned—The research project did not involve human participants, human experiments, and human data. The match data are permitted to make scientific research by the Champdas Football Big Data Company and Luneng football club. Authors confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was conducted according to the ethical principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and approved by College of physical education and sports, Beijing Normal University.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
