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Authors
Muwonge, Haruna
Lubega, Samuel
Zavuga, Robert
Mukana, Roland
Kasujja, Hassan
Katamba, Godfrey
Nakiddu, Nana Jacqueline
Bbuye, Mudarshiru
Makubuya, Timothy
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
World Anti-Doping Agency
Fogarty International Center (D43TW010526)
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2024
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the School of Biomedical Sciences Research Ethics Committee (approval number: SBSREC-765) at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, and registered with the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (registration number: SS507ES). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation and were assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. Participation in the study was voluntary, and participants were free to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
