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Article History

Received: 24 October 2024

Accepted: 3 July 2025

First Online: 28 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study received approval from the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Erzurum Technical University (Meeting Number: 16, Decision Number: 04, Date: 28.12.2023) and was conducted in accordance with internationally accepted ethical principles. Before participating in the study, all participants were provided with detailed information about the purpose, procedures, and potential risks of the research. Informed consent was obtained from each participant through a written consent form. Participants’ personal information and research data were protected in accordance with confidentiality principles; all data were anonymized and securely encrypted. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.