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Article History

Received: 1 March 2025

Accepted: 1 August 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Erzurum Technical University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (Meeting Number: 08, Decision Number: 7, Date: 04.07.2024). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were provided with detailed information about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Written consent forms were signed by all participants, and for participants under the age of 18, parental or guardian consent was also secured.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.