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Authors
Du, Yanhui
Pan, Zhe
Zhang, Yang
Xuan, Fengxue
Yu, Haitao
Wang, Bo
Li, Gaofeng
Li, Guangchun
Zhang, Weijing
Chang, Fei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Finance of Jilin Province (2023JC059, 2024WSZX-B10)
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki and the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital (approval No. 2023116), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their parents.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
