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Authors
Niu, Zunqi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8650-0323
Yang, Jingyun https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4174-3422
Long, Jiewei https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2886-3165
Zhang, Xinyi https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8673-8912
Wang, Zhaoyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-9959
Iván-Baragaño, Iyán https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7136-4819
Liu, Hongyou https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-672X
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University with reference number (SCNU-SPT-2025-008). The study involved the analysis of anonymised football performance data collected from official matches organized by the CFA. The CFA provided consent for the use of these data for research purposes. Given the retrospective and anonymised nature of the data, the Ethics Committee approved the waiver of written informed consent from participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
