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Professional baseball players demonstrate superior dynamic visual acuity and differences in vestibulo-ocular reflex performance, compared to similarly aged healthy controls

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01405-x

Published Online: 2025-12-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Filippini, Tyler

Kittelson, Andy

Wagner, Andrew

Moody, Valerie

Schubert, Michael

Loyd, Brian
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

University of Montana’s Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-04

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-07
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Article History

Received: 9 December 2024

Accepted: 14 October 2025

First Online: 4 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the University of Montana Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the Protection of Human Subjects (Protocol#115–22), ensuring adherence to ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Each participant gave informed consent prior to participation.

: Informed Consent for Publication was obtained from the model in Fig. .

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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