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Article History

Received: 17 March 2025

Accepted: 25 October 2025

First Online: 22 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the School of Sport and Physical Activity Ethics Committee at Sheffield Hallam University (Ethics no: ER61095608). Permission for data used was obtained from Wyscout. Because the data collected from Wyscout do not contain sensitive personal information, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee. This waiver of consent was also approved by the appropriate ethics committee. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.