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Article History

Received: 11 November 2025

Accepted: 22 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Sport (Approval No.: Tjus2025-103) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not include the participant’s identification image or other personal or clinical details.

: The authors declare no competing interests.