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Authors
Qu, Chaoyi
Xu, Minxiao
Lorenzo, Santiago
Huang, Peng
Rao, Zhijian
Geng, Xue
Zhao, Jiexiu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Doctoral Research Initiation Fund Project of Hebei Normal University ((L2024B35))
Hebei Province Sports Science and Technology Research Project Funding ((2025JT05))
Funded by Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department ((BJ2026361))
the General Research of Natural Science Foundation of Beijing ((5212020))
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the China Institute of Sport Science (Approval Project Number CISSLA-2020062801), and adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. In this study, written informed consent, outlining the study’s benefits and potential risks, was obtained from all participants.
: Written informed consent for publication of personal and clinical information and any potentially identifying images was obtained from all participants included in this study. We declare that this manuscript is our original work and has not been published in any other journal or publication, nor is it under consideration for publication elsewhere. All listed authors have made contributions to this manuscript and have jointly approved the final version of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
