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Article History

Received: 9 January 2026

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 19 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Istanbul Esenyurt University (Decision No: E-12483425-604.01-44961, dated 06 March 2024), in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All data used in the research were anonymized and collected in compliance with the confidentiality and data protection protocols approved by the Turkish Football Federation. All participating athletes provided written informed consent prior to data collection. They were fully informed about the purpose, procedures, and potential risks associated with the study. Participation was voluntary, and athletes retained the right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. All data were collected in accordance with ethical guidelines to ensure participant safety and confidentiality.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.