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Article History

Received: 15 July 2025

Accepted: 12 June 2026

First Online: 23 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The research was conducted in full compliance with the ethical standards set by Hefei Normal University ethical committe boards (register 2024LLSP007) and the principles described in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to participation, all players, as well as their parents or legal guardians (for those under the age of 18), were fully informed about the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, and any potential risks. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant and their guardian, ensuring that participation was voluntary and based on an understanding of the study’s nature.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.