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Authors
Tao, Luna
Sun, Hao
Li, Yugao
Sze, Siufung
Pei, Xinzhen
Chen, Cheng
Cai, Yujun
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2026
Accepted: 4 August 2026
First Online: 18 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The protocol was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Sport (approval number: 102772025RT097). Written informed consent was obtained from all adult participants before data collection; for all participants younger than 18 years, written informed consent was obtained from a parent or legal guardian in addition to assent from the minor participant.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: H.S., Y.L., and S.S. are affiliated with Shenzhen Ninenovo Technology Limited and/or RingConn LLC, organizations involved in development of the evaluated device. These organizations provided equipment, customized research firmware, data-export support, and technical assistance. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
