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Article History

Received: 9 May 2026

Accepted: 15 September 2026

First Online: 21 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Sport University (Approval No. 2025407 H). Prior to recruitment, all participants and their legal guardians were thoroughly informed about the study’s objectives, experimental procedures, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Participation was strictly voluntary; prior to study commencement, written informed consent was obtained from legal guardians and assent from participants.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.