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Article History

Received: 20 October 2020

Accepted: 29 December 2020

First Online: 7 January 2021

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The experiment was reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Experimentation Committee of the Canton of Bern, Switzerland (26169 BE6/15) and followed the Swiss national guidelines for the performance of animal experiments.

: Not applicable.

: The Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bern, has, or has had in the past, research contracts with Orion Corporation, Abbott Nutrition International, B. Braun Medical AG, CSEM SA, Edwards Lifesciences Services GmbH, Kenta Biotech Ltd, Maquet Critical Care AB, Omnicare Clinical Research AG and research and development/consulting contracts with Edwards Lifesciences SA, Maquet Critical 3Care AB and Nestlé. The money was paid into a departmental fund; no author received personal financial gain. The Department of Intensive Care Medicine has received unrestricted educational grants from the following organizations for organizing a quarterly postgraduate educational symposium, the Berner Forum for Intensive Care (until 2015): Fresenius Kabi, GSK, MSD, Lilly, Baxter, Astellas, AstraZeneca, B | Braun, CSL Behring, Maquet, Novartis, Covidien, Nycomed, Pierre Fabre Pharma AG (formerly known as RobaPharm), Pfizer, Orion Pharma, Bard Medica S.A., Abbott AG and Anandic Medical Systems. The Department of Intensive Care Medicine has received unrestricted educational grants from the following organizations for organizing bi-annual postgraduate courses in the fields of critical care ultrasound, management of ECMO and mechanical ventilation: Pierre Fabre Pharma AG (formerly known as RobaPharm), Pfizer AG, Bard Medica S.A., Abbott AG, Anandic Medical Systems, PanGas AG Healthcare, Orion Pharma, Bracco, Edwards Lifesciences AG, Hamilton Medical AG, Fresenius Kabi (Switzerland) AG, Getinge Group Maquet AG, Dräger Schweiz AG, Teleflex Medical GmbH.