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Article History

Received: 13 January 2023

Accepted: 3 September 2023

First Online: 29 September 2023

Declarations

:

: The School Public Health, the Tamale Metro Health Directorate, the Northern Region Health Directorate, as well as the healthcare facilities where the study was carried out, all granted permission for the study to be carried out. The protocol received ethical approval from the Navorongo Health Research Centre Institutional Review Board (NHRCIRB) with protocol number App/Hyp-Preg/04/2022. After signing an informed consent form, participants were recruited. This study was conducted in line with the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare they have no competing interests.